The aim of this study was to correlate the early findings observed on high-resolution computed tomography with anatomopathology results of patients with angioinvasive aspergillosis. The authors studied two patients with leukemia. The nodules seen on high-resolution computed tomography corresponded to areas of hemorrhagic infarction, necrotic coagulation and fungal hyphae infiltration whereas ground glass halo corresponded to intraalveolar hemorrhage. Nodules with halo sign were closely correlated with anatomopathology findings. We concluded that the anatomopathology findings can clearly explain the image features of the lesions observed on high-resolution computed tomography.

Keywords: Angioinvasive aspergillosis, High-resolution computed tomography, Anatomopathology, Lungs

The purpose of this study is to report the main high-resolution computed tomography findings of two patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography findings were correlated with pathology findings of material obtained from open biopsies. One patient had diffuse ground glass opacities seen on high-resolution computed tomography whereas the other patient had peribroncovascular thickening. Anatomopathology studies showed that the main pattern was polyclonal lymphocyte interstitial infiltration, particularly along alveolar septa. The current study demonstrated a close correlation between high-resolution computed tomography and anatomopathology findings.

Keywords: Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, High-resolution computed tomography, Anatomopathology

We used the American College of Radiology BI-RADS™ (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) guidelines to perform a regional retrospective analysis of 4,968 mammograms. The frequency of each mammography finding was determined in order to categorize the mammograms into different groups. The analysis of the 4,968 mammograms revealed 44.4% (n = 2,208) of negative findings, 46.3% (n = 2,305) of benign lesions, 7.5% (n = 374) of probably benign lesions, 0.98% (n = 49) of suspicious lesions and 0.72% (n = 36) of highly suspicious lesions. This study also demonstrates the importance of using BI-RADS™ as a standardized report system for mammogram analysis, particularly as a predictor of malignancy and guideline for patient management.

Keywords: BI-RADS, Mammography

The aim of this study was to determine whether ultrasonography of the pancreas can be used as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The size and echogenicity of the pancreas were evaluated by ultrasound in 81 diabetic patients: 20 type 1 and 61 type 2 (53 obese and 8 non-obese). Obese type 2 diabetic patients showed different results from patients in the other groups, with significantly larger pancreas area and anteroposterior body diameter. The pancreas was more frequently hyperechogenic in obese type 2 diabetic patients than in type 1 diabetic patients. We concluded that ultrasonography of the pancreas may be used as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, although this method showed to be less efficient in non-obese patients.

Keywords: Pancreas ultrasound, Pancreas in diabetes, Pancreas size, Pancreas ecogenicity

We analyzed the ultrasonographic findings of 21 patients with mild acute pancreatitis. The presence or absence of pancreatic hypoechogenicity and peripancreatic fluid collection was assessed. Pancreatic hypoechogenicity was identified in 19 patients (90.5%) whereas small sac fluid collection was identified in 3 (15.8%) of these patients. No abnormality was seen in 2 patients (9.5%). Regarding the etiology of acute pancreatitis, cholelithiasis was identified in 15 patients (71.5%), alcohol abuse was identified in 4 patients (19.0%), and in 2 patients (9.5%) no probable etiology could be found. The authors conclude that ultrasonography may identify abnormalities in the majority of patients with mild acute pancreatitis and can be used to assess patients with peripancreatic fluid collections.

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, Complications, Ultrasonography

The authors review the main applications of endoscopic ultrasonography in the management of diseases of the pancreas. Ultrasound findings of malignant and benign diseases affecting these segment of the digestive tract and the importance of endoscopic ultrasonography for their diagnosis are discussed.

Keywords: Ultrasonography, Endoscopic ultrasonography, Digestive tract, Pancreas

The authors review the main applications of endoscopic ultrasonography in the management of diseases of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum. The methodology and the main findings at endoscopic ultrasonography are discussed as well as ultrasound findings of malignant and benign diseases of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum.

Keywords: Ultrasonography, Endoscopic ultrasonography, Digestive tract

The authors describe a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a 37-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in treatment with antiretroviral drugs. Clinical symptoms were productive cough, hemoptysis and progressive weight loss. A chest x-ray film showed a right upper lobe consolidation while the computed tomography demonstrated consolidation and areas of cavitation. The radiologic findings were unspecific. Consequently, a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, revealing filamentous Gram-positive bacteria (Nocardia sp). Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resulted in complete remission of the respiratory symptoms. The authors review the literature and discuss the main radiological features of this disease.

Keywords: Radiology, Pulmonary nocardiosis, Computed tomography

The authors report two cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis affecting monozygotic twins. The main findings observed on plain x-ray films and high-resolution computed tomography are discussed and compared with data from a brief literature review.

Keywords: Lungs, Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, Computed tomography

Fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus is a rare, pedunculated, intraluminal, benign tumor. We describe a case of a patient with a fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus and discuss the esophagogram and computed tomography findings. Due to the excellent correlation between pathology and imaging findings, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are considered specific and useful in its diagnosis.

Keywords: Fibrovascular polyp, Esophagus, Computed tomography

We report a case of a 2 years and 8 months-old child with the recessive form of craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Clinical and radiological features as well as the main differential diagnosis are discussed and compared with data from a brief literature review.

Keywords: Craniometaphyseal dysplasia, Bone dysplasia, Bone sclerosis, Nasal obstruction

We report the radiographic findings in the long bones of a newborn with confirmed diagnosis of congenital syphilis and discuss the differential diagnosis with battered child syndrome. The radiographic findings in the long bones from birth to the fourth month of life are presented. Clinical and laboratory data, the serial x-ray films and the characteristic radiological signs were essential to establish the correct diagnosis.

Keywords: Congenital syphilis, Battered child syndrome, Bone fractures